城市街道空间可步行性测度与应用启示——以上海市为例
Urban Street Space Walkability Measurement and Design Application by Conducting Street Design Guidelines: Taking Shanghai as an Example
作者信息
曹政 华中科技大学城市规划硕士研究生
任绍斌 华中科技大学建筑与规划学院副教授（通讯作者）
摘要 步行作为一种可持续的交通方式，对营造城市低碳环境及优化人文品质具有重大意义，因此，街道的可步行性评价与设计管控受到广泛的关注。针对现阶段街道设计导则编制缺乏科学性、指标测度方式不明及赋值范围缺乏依据等问题，文章以上海市的 15 条街道作为研究对象，基于地方街道设计导则，构建了道路需求分异下定性和定量法相结合的城市街道可步行性评价指标体系，采用OSM道路数据、POI 数据、百度街景图片数据与问卷调查数据，融合 GIS空间分析、空间句法、机器学习拟合的图像语义识别、专家打分法、相关性分析等多种分析手段，总结出各级各类街道步行环境的特征、差异与存在的问题，并提出一套分级、分类街道空间设计导控的策略，探索不同街道特征下实现街道可步行性最佳化的方法，为国内各城市的街道设计导则编制提供依据。
关键词 街道设计导则；分级分类；多源数据；可步行性测度；设计导控
Abstract Walking, as a sustainable transportation means, is significant to maintain low-carbon environment and humanistic quality of a city, because of which, more and more people have focused on the walkability evaluation of streets and their design management and control. Guidelines for street design at the present stage have many shortcomings. For example, its compilation lacks scientificity; its indexes do not have clear measurement methods and its evaluation ranges lack related references. Considering those shortcomings, this paper, taking Shanghai as the research object, designs guidelines for local streets and establishes an evaluation index system for walkability of urban streets, both subjective and objective, based on the differentiation of road demands. OSM, POI, Baidu street view pictures and survey data as well as many analysis means, such as GIS, space syntax, image semantic recognition based on machine learning fitting, expert scoring method and correlation analysis are used to summarize characteristics of all kinds of pedestrian environments in various streets, their differences and existing problems.Finally, this paper puts forward a set of guidance and control strategies for graded and classified street space design so as to accurately solve the problem of how to optimize street walkability under different street characteristics and to provide basis for the compilation of street design guidelines of various cities in China.
Keywords street design guidelines; classification; multi-source data; walkability measure; design control
来源：《城乡规划》2022 NO.1
