耐灾理念导向的城市空间结构优化方法
Methods of Urban Spatial Structure Optimization Based on Disaster Resilience Concept
作者信息：
张翰卿 武汉大学城市设计学院副教授，博士
安海波 武汉大学城市设计学院硕士研究生
摘 要：在传统的城市安全研究中，根据各学科特点采取的安全对策很容易造成对城市承灾体的割裂看待。“耐灾”概念将承灾体作为一个整体，提供给承灾体一种更好地应对灾害不确定性和多灾种防救的思路。本文从城市空间结构优化的角度对耐灾城市进行研究，强调城市规划在城市安全问题研究日益综合化的背景下所具有的重要意义，具体从三个层面进行分析：首先，在个体层面，尽可能保证城市重要目标的安全，这样当灾害发生时城市的基本功能才能够得到保障；其次，在群体层面，对城市空间和设施进行系统化建设，发挥其系统的安全保障功能；最后，在整体层面，城市的布局和形态结构是城市多目标功能实现的基础，对城市耐灾性的提高具有重要的意义。
关键词：耐灾，城市空间结构，优化方法
Abstract ：In the traditional urban security research, the security measures derived from different subjects can easily lead to the separation of urban disaster victims. The concept of “disaster resilience”, considering disaster victims as a whole, provides a better way to deal with disaster uncertainty and multiple disaster relief. This paper studies the disaster resistant cities from the perspective of urban spatial structure optimization, and emphasizes the significance of urban planning in the context of the increasingly comprehensive study of urban security issues. Three parts are included. Firstly, at the individual level, the safety of the city’s critical targets should be ensured so that the basic functions of the city can be guaranteed when disasters strike. Secondly, at the group level, the systematic construction of urban space and facilities will help to strengthen its security function. Finally, at the whole level, the urban layout and spatial structure are the basis of the city's multi-objective function, which is of great significance to the improvement of urban disaster resilience.
Keywords：disaster resilience, urban spatial structure, optimization methods
文章来源：《城乡规划》2017 NO.3
