作者信息：
郭建萍 山东大学生命科学学院生态学与生物多样性研究所硕士研究生
甘文浩 山东大学生命科学学院生态学与生物多样性研究所硕士研究生
于若涵 山东农业大学食品科学与工程学院食品质量与安全（中英）专业本科生
王仁卿 山东大学生命科学学院生态学与生物多样性研究所所长、教授
张淑萍 山东大学生命科学学院生态学与生物多样性研究所副教授（通讯作者）
摘 要：具有多种生态系统服务的多功能绿地设计是乡村社区生态环境修复和美丽乡村建设的重要环节，而深入了解不同利益相关者对绿地设计的需求及其差异是实现绿地功能效益多样化和最大化的重要保障。本研究以典型山岳型乡村社区房干村为例，通过面对面的问卷调查，研究了社区常住居民、驻地单位职员、生态环境专家、游客等不同利益相关者对房干村绿地设计和山岳型乡村主要类型绿地景观特色、功能价值、物种搭配、种苗来源等核心问题的看法。结果表明：大部分受访者对房干村的绿地现状持肯定态度，但也认为其存在景观特色不明显、环境功能薄弱、物种单一等乡村社区绿地具有的共性问题。受访者总体上主张山岳型社区的绿地设计应以本地野生植物和本地种源为主，形成与本地野生山林相融合同时突出本地乡村农家田园特色的绿地景观；但庭院、房前屋后、院墙边坡、水岸等不同类型的绿地在景观特色的功能价值、物种搭配、种苗来源方面应区别对待。在水岸绿地和种苗来源等相关问题上，不同利益相关者的看法表现出显著的差异：生态环境专家更强调绿地的生态安全功能和本地种源；社区居民和驻地单位职员对绿地的观赏、娱乐价值和观赏型植物具有更高的接受度。研究结果为优化乡村绿地设计、解决乡村社区绿地的突出问题和发展乡村绿化种苗供应体系提供了新的启示，对美丽乡村建设和乡村植被修复具有参考价值。
关键词：绿地设计，多功能性，景观特色，物种搭配，生态恢复
Abstract ：The design of multifunctional green spaces which can provide a wide range of ecosystem services is an important link between ecological environment restoration and Beautiful Village Construction in rural communities. To diverse and maximize the benefits of green space functions, it is essential to understand the perspectives of different stakeholders on the design of green spaces. Taking Fanggan Village as an example of typical mountainous villages of East China, this paper investigated the various perspectives of different stakeholders on landscape design, functions, species collocation, seedling sources and other key issues of rural green spaces by face-to-face questionnaire. The 195 interviewees were classified into four groups including residents, employees of local organizations, ecological experts and tourists during investigation. The results showed that most stakeholders expressed positive attitude towards current green spaces in Fanggan. However, they also thought that there were some common problems with rural communal green spaces. Featureless landscape, weak ecological functions, and monotonous species of rural green spaces, among others, were highlighted. Overall, the interviewees generally advocated that the green space design of the mountain-type community should be based on local wild plants and local provenances, forming a green landscape that blends with the local wild mountain forests while highlighting the local rural farmland characteristics. In the meantime, different types of green spaces such as courtyards, surroundings, yard slopes, and waterfront should be treated differently in terms of functions, species collocation, and seedling sources. On the issues related to waterfront green space and seedling sources, the views of different stakeholders, however, showed significant differences: experts emphasized the ecological security function of green land and local provenance while residents and employees of local organizations prioritized entertainment function and the ornamental plants. The findings provide new insights into optimizing rural green space, solving the existing problems and developing ecological friendly seedling supply system for rural green space, as well as into the construction of Beautiful Village and restoration of rural vegetation.
Keywords：Landscape design, Landscape, function Landscape style, species collocation, ecological restoration
文章来源：《城乡规划》2018 NO.4
