作者信息：
肖 达 上海同济城市规划设计研究院副院长，高级工程师
摘 要：从研发合作的视角切入，以城市间PCT ①的合作申请数据为表征，运用社会网络分析法对国际科技创新城市之间的网络联系特征与发展演变轨迹进行刻画。研究表明：（1）国际科技创新城市间的网络密度与通达性呈现随时间推移而不断增强的态势，以城市为节点的全球创新合作网络结构在2001 至2005 年便已基本成型。（2）硅谷、东京等发达经济体城市在国际科技创新城市网络中长期占据主导地位；上海、班加罗尔等发展中经济体城市的网络权力呈现不同程度的上升趋势。（3）国际科技创新城市网络内各节点的权力与地位差异渐趋缩小，网络结构的中心集聚趋势日趋弱化并逐渐呈现出向多中心均衡化发展的整体态势。（4）尽管上海已经成为国际科技创新城市网络的重要节点，但是在全球技术与知识交互的过程中仍然是被动的承接方，因而处于从属地位。
关键词：研发合作，国际科技创新城市，城市网络，演化
Abstract ：From the perspective of R&D cooperation, the paper adopts the data of the application number for PCT cooperation as the representation of R&D cooperation and describes the network connection between international R&D cities and its evolution track by the using of social network analysis. The research shows that: (1) The density and accessibility of city network are increasing with time. The structure of global innovation cooperation network taking cities as nodes was basically formed during the period of 2001 to 2005. (2) Cities from developed economies such as the Silicon Valley and Tokyo, have long occupied a dominant position in the network of international innovative cities. The power of cities from the developing economies including Shanghai and Bangalore show a various rising trend in the second and third period. (3) The difference of power and status between nodes in the network of international innovative cities has gradually narrowed over time. The centralized agglomeration trend of network has been weakened yet shows the overall trend of being more and more polycentric and balanced. (4) Although Shanghai has become an important node of the international science and technology innovation city network, it is still a passive undertaker in the global technology and knowledge interaction process and is in a subordinate position.
Keywords：R&D cooperation, international innovative cities, network of cities, evolution
文章来源：《城乡规划》2018 NO.3
