武汉园林绿地与生态空间70年规划历程
On the Planning of Green Garden and Ecological Space of Wuhan City in the Last 70 Years
作者信息
刘 菁 武汉市规划研究院规划设计二所主任工程师，国家注册规划师，高级规划师
摘要 武汉生态资源本底优越，城市园林绿地和生态空间一直是规划关注的重点。建国以来，伴随着城市建设的日新月异，从私家园林、历史公园的改建，到“苏联模式”下的园林建设，不仅快速提高了城市的绿化水平，改善了人民群众的生活环境，更重要的是为城市生态格局的形成打下坚实基础，主城区以内主要的大型城市综合公园均是在这个时期形成的，随后不断改建提升。经历“文革”十年，城市园林建设完全停止，公园破坏亦十分严重。直至改革开放之后，武汉绿地系统进入相对稳定的发展期，从城市公园建设到绿地系统形成，再到全域生态框架体系构建，在这一系列规划过程中可以看到武汉城乡规划视野的逐步扩展和延伸。从广度上，由身边的公园绿地逐步扩展到全市域，乃至更大区域的生态系统；从深度上，由景观环境的营建到功能品质的提升，再到城市生态安全格局的维护。建国70年来，各项不同层级的生态及园林绿地规划逐步形成具有武汉特色的生态规划编制与管理体系，为城市生态文明建设奠定坚实的物质空间基础。
关键词 园林绿地系统，生态空间，规划历程，武汉
Abstract Urban green garden and ecological space have always been the focus of its planning since Wuhan has rich ecological resources. Along with the rapid development of urban construction after the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the construction of gardens has changed from the reconstruction of private gardens and historical parks to the construction of “Soviet model”, which not only promotes urban planting, and improves the living environment, but also further lays a solid foundation for the urban ecological pattern. The main large urban comprehensive parks in the downtown are also established during this period, and have been constantly reconstructed since then. After ten years of the Cultural Revolution, the construction of urban gardens has completely stopped, and the destruction of the park is also very serious. Wuhan's green space system didn't enter a relatively stable period until the reform and opening up. The gradual expansion and extension of the planning vision can be seen from the planning changes from the construction of urban parks to the formation of green space systems, and then to the construction of the overall ecological framework system. In terms of breadth, urban parks have been upgraded from the neighboring parks to all parks in the city, to the whole ecosystem; in terms of depth, they have been upgraded from the establishment of parks to the upgrading of urban parks' quality, and then to the maintenance of the urban ecological security pattern. Since the founding of the PRC 70 years ago, various levels of ecological and garden green space planning have gradually formed an ecological planning and management system with Wuhan characteristics, laying a solid material space foundation for urban ecological civilization construction.
Keywords green system, ecological space, planning process, Wuhan
文章来源：《城乡规划》2019 NO.5
