短期人口流动视角下的长三角城市群空间组织研究——基于手机信令数据对出行数据识别的实证
Regional Spatial Organization from the Perspective of Short-term Travel: An Empirical Study on the Yangtze River Delta Based on Mobile Phone Data
作者信息
施澄 同济大学建筑与城市规划学院助理研究员
田琳 同济大学建筑与城市规划学院硕士研究生
程遥 同济大学建筑与城市规划学院副教授（通信作者）
摘要 短期人口流动是指从某地出行跨越行政边界至其他县市，短暂地停留一段时间并使用所进入城市的资源、接受该城市服务的过程，一般为城市间的商旅活动。短期人口流动的产生主要源于城市之间的商旅联系，这一指标可以侧面反映出城市之间经济社会的联系需求和依赖程度，指导城市设施配置的规模与类型，是手机信令大数据相比于传统数据而言所提供的全新的观察视角。长三角地区作为我国经济及交通系统最发达的地区之一，其内部城市以及整个长三角区域与其他地区的短期商旅联系极为密切。本文正是通过对长三角县市单元短期人口流动的实证研究，发现长三角区域各城市间的出行联系已出现层次分化，其背后折射出的是中心城市的差异化发展和区域空间层次的分异两点特征。一方面，上海成为了国际层面的大都市，并引领包括苏州在内的周边城市共同构成全球城市区域，融入世界经济网络；而南京、杭州则更多地表现出区域甚至省域中心的特点。另一方面，对于经济发展水平较高、功能联系紧密的地区，网络结构逐步坐实，城市间的联系超越了行政辖区、行政等级与地理距离；但对于大部分地区，中心城市的辐射仍然遵循中心地原则，形成了若干以地级市辖区为中心的独立网络结构。这一发现实际指向了空间组织秩序和空间政策诉求皆存在差异的两个空间层面——更偏向于“功能网络联系”的城市群和兼具“功能联系”与“地域邻近”的都市圈。无论是中心城市层级，还是城市群和都市圈的空间组织分化，最终指向的都是规划政策引导和区域设施供给的差异性，需要符合城市和区域自身的空间组织规律。
关键词 短期人口流动，长三角，城市网络，中心地，手机信令数据
Abstract Short-term travel (STT) refers to traveling from one county (city) or district to another, staying for a short period of time with the resources and service of the destination. STT occurred mainly because of business connection, which can reflect the economic and social connections and interdependence between cities. Meanwhile, it also provides a new perspective by mobile phone big data rather than traditional data to guide the size and type of urban facility configuration. As one of the regions with the most developed economy and transportation systems in China, the inner cities of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) are very close and the short-term business travel between the YRD and other regions are extremely frequent. By investigating STT between county units in the YRD, it shows that the STT connections in this region have been stratified, which further reveals the differentiation development of central city and the differentiation of regional spatial level. While Shanghai becomes an emerging global city leading its city-region merging into global city network, Nanjing and Hangzhou are more like the regional and even provincial regional centers. Besides, for regions with a high level of economic development and close functional connections, the network structure is gradually consolidated, and the connection between cities goes beyond the administrative level and geographical distance of administrative jurisdiction. However, for most regions, the radiation of central cities still follows the principle of central location, forming several independent network structures centering on prefecture-level city districts. The discovery actually implies two spatial level in which the organizational logic and spatial policy are different—the urban clusters with the characteristics of “functional network connections” and the metropolitan circles featured with both “functional connections” and “geographical proximity”. Although in most studies, these two concepts have connotation intersections, the analysis of this paper indicates that for these two spatial scales, in terms of both spatial planning policy and regional facility supply, it is necessary to conform to their different spatial organization rules respectively.
Keywords short-term travel, the Yangtze River Delta, city network, central place, mobile data
来源：《城乡规划》2020 NO.6
