三线工业遗产的特点、价值及保护利用
Characteristics, Value and Protection and Utilization of Third-front Construction Industrial Heritage
作者信息
吕建昌 上海大学文学院教授，上海大学中国三线建设研究中心主任
摘要 “三线建设”是我国社会主义建设时期为备战而展开的一场重大国防经济建设，三线工业遗产是我国现代工业遗产的重要组成部分。三线企业分布于我国西部地区的深山僻野，并以军工行业为建设重点。与近代以来我国工业文明进程中形成的工业遗产相比，三线工业遗产具有其独立的特性。三线工业遗产的价值维度与“三线建设”的历史、科学技术以及社会发展等切密相关，也彰显了其价值特色。近年来，随着乡村振兴、军民融合等国家战略的推出，乡村中的三线工业遗产保护开发利用逐渐成为热点。西部地区的三线工业遗产保护利用实践，创新地开发了多业态工业遗产旅游综合体、军工特色小镇、文学艺术村、军事科普与国防教育博览园等多种保护利用模式，较好地融合了三线工业遗产地的自然景观与人文历史等多重元素，丰富了西部旅游的目标物。但三线工业遗产保护利用依然面临着诸多困难，其中，产权不清和资金缺乏是亟待解决的问题，需要我们创新思维，提出切实有效的方法与应对措施。
关键词 三线建设，三线工业遗产，特点与价值，保护利用
Abstract The third-front construction is a major national defense economic construction launched in the period of China's socialist construction for war preparation. Its heritage is an important part of China’s modern industrial heritage. Its enterprises are distributed in the remote mountains and areas in western China and, in general, take the military industry as the construction focus. Compared with the industrial heritage left behind in the process of China's industrial civilization since modern times, third-front industrial heritage is characterized with independence. The value of third-front industrial heritage is closely related to history, science, and technology as well as social development of third-front construction, which highlights the characteristics of its value. In recent years, with the launch of national strategies such as rural revitalization and civil-military integration, the protection, development, and utilization of third-front industrial heritage in rural areas have gradually become a hot topic. There are diversely innovative and well-developed mode of protection and utilization of the third-front industrial heritage in western region, such as industrial heritage tourism complex with multiple formats, military industry characteristic town, military science and national defense education expo park, and literature and art village. These modes have a good integration of various elements such as natural landscape and cultural history of third-front industrial heritage sites, enriching the target objects of western China tourism. However, there are still many difficulties in the protection and utilization of third-front industrial heritage, among which unclear property rights and lack of funds are urgent problems. Therefore, we need to have innovative thinking, and put forward practical and effective methods and countermeasures.
Keywords third-front construction, third-front construction industrial heritage, characteristics and value, protection and utilization
来源：《城乡规划》2020 NO.6
