上海研发创新的空间演化与趋势研究：基于专利的分析视角
Research on the Spatial Evolution and Trend of R&D Innovation in Shanghai from the Perspective of Patent Analysis
作者信息
黄 亮 上海同济城市规划设计研究院有限公司城市评估与开发研究中心副主任、副研究员
黄建中 同济大学建筑与城市规划学院教授（通讯作者）
徐剑光 上海同济城市规划设计研究院有限公司副主任规划师，高级经济师
摘要 本文从研发创新产出的角度切入，利用上海 2001—2015 年授权发明专利的申请主体及其地址等全样本数据信息，运用 GIS 空间分析方法，分三个时段透视上海研发创新产出在不同时期的空间区位，全景刻画上海研发创新的空间结构特征及其演化过程。研究表明，上海研发创新的空间态势从第一时段以徐汇漕河泾为单中心的“核心—边缘”结构，走向第三时段闵行交大—吴泾、张江—金桥、杨浦五角场“三极”共生的多中心结构，并呈现出明显的郊区化倾向。随着企业科技创新主体地位的确立以及科研资源的外溢，城市产业空间与研究型大学之间的耦合关系日益增强，产、学、研空间一体化趋势不断增强。同时，城市交通网络体系的日趋完善，使得研发创新的空间分布呈现出明显的交通干道指向性特征，沿交通干道的廊道扩散逐渐成为推动上海研发创新空间布局的重要机制。
关键词 研发创新，空间演化，发展趋势，专利分析
Abstract Starting from the perspective of Research & Development (R&D) innovation output, this paper makes use of the full sample data including the applicants and their addresses of authorized invention patents in Shanghai from 2001 to 2015, and uses the spatial analysis method of GIS to analyze the spatial location of Shanghai R&D innovation output in three periods, and to describe the spatial structure and evolutionary process of Shanghai R&D innovation. The research shows that the spatial trend of Shanghai's R&D innovation is from the first “core-edge” structure period with Caohejing District as the single center to the second “multi-center” structure period with Jiaotong University-Wujing District, Zhangjiang-Jinqiao District and Wujiaochang District as the three poles with obvious suburbanization tendency. With the establishment of the dominant position of Science & Technology (S&T) innovation of enterprises and the spillover of R&D resources, the coupling relationship between urban industrial space and research universities is enhancing, and the trend of integration of industry, university and R&D space is strengthening. At the same time, with the improvement of the urban transportation system, the spatial distribution of R&D innovation presents obvious characteristics of traffic arteries, and the corridor diffusion along the traffic arteries has gradually become an important trend and mechanism to promote the spatial distribution of R&D innovation in Shanghai.
Keywords R&D innovation, spatial evolution, trend, patent analysis
来源：《城乡规划》2020 NO.4
