免疫学视角下的免疫城市模型和规划策略研究
Study on the Planning Strategy and Model of Immune City from
the Perspective of Immunology
作者信息
韩胜发 上海同济城市规划设计研究院有限公司副所长，高级工程师
李继军 上海同济城市规划设计研究院有限公司所长，教授级高级工程师（通讯作者）
吴 虑 上海同济城市规划设计研究院有限公司工程师
摘要 2019 年末暴发的新冠疫情不仅导致了巨大的社会经济损失，也对城市治理能力提出了严峻挑战。现代城市规划作为政府干预公共卫生的手段和方法，如何在空间规划领域加强传染病防治并提升城市的空间免疫能力，成为该领域的重要议题。本文在梳理了免疫城市、传染病防治、健康城市规划和城市综合防灾规划既有研究的基础上，从病毒（抗原）和免疫（抗体）这一结构视角出发，构建空间规划和免疫生物学跨学科的研究框架，建立了免疫城市模型。结合监测预警、反应救护、记忆学习的免疫系统运行机制和传染病防治措施，提出了免疫评估、免疫空间规划和免疫制度确立的免疫城市规划策略体系，为将传染病防治纳入城市综合防灾规划提供了理论支撑。
关键词 免疫评估，免疫制度，免疫空间，传染病防治规划，综合防灾减灾规划，免疫生物学
Abstract The COVID-19 not only caused huge social and economic losses, but also posed severe challenges to urban governance capacity. Modern urban planning emerged as a means and method for the government to intervene in public health. How to strengthen the prevention and control of infectious diseases and improve the spatial immunity of cities in the field of spatial planning has become an important topic of spatial planning. From the structural perspective of viral invasion (antigen) and immunity enhancement (antibody), an interdisciplinary framework of spatial planning and immune biology is put forward, and an urban immunology model is established, based on the existing research on immune city, planning of prevention and cure of infectious diseases, healthy city planning and urban planning on comprehensive disaster resistance and prevention. Combined with monitoring and early warning, response rescue, mechanism of immune system operation based on memory learning, and infectious disease prevention and control measures, the immune city strategy system of immune assessment, immune space and immune system is put forward. It provides theoretical support for integrating the prevention and control of infectious diseases into urban comprehensive disaster prevention plan.
Keywords immune assessment, immune system, immune space, planning of prevention and cure of infectious diseases, comprehensive planning of disaster prevention and reduction, immunobiology
来源：《城乡规划》2020 NO.4
