移动定位大数据支持乡村规划研究：进展、困难和展望
The Rural Planning Research Supported by Mobile Positioning Big Data: Progress, Obstacles and Expectation
作者信息
钮心毅 同济大学建筑与城市规划学院教授，上海市城市更新及其空间优化技术重点实验室
岳雨峰 同济大学建筑与城市规划学院博士研究生
摘要 移动定位大数据支持乡村规划研究已取得了进展，但还存在技术障碍和困境。移动定位大数据能从个体行为出发，通过测算乡村活动支持乡村规划。移动定位大数据应用于乡村规划有两个适用场合：第一个适用场合是乡村聚落体系研究，量化测度村镇体系的空间结构；第二个适用场合是认识乡村地域职住空间关系，评估设施服务水平。从技术途径来看，移动定位大数据支持乡村规划研究有从活动轨迹出发、从活动强度出发两种途径，但仍存在时空分辨率、设备普及率两个技术阻碍。时空分辨率阻碍了对乡村地区个体移动轨迹定位的连续性测算，会影响活动轨迹出发途径的可行性；乡村地域内移动终端设备普及率存在明显的差异，会影响活动强度出发途径的可行性。如果能较好地突破这两个应用困境，那么移动定位大数据在乡村规划研究和实践中的适用场合还将会有拓展。
关键词 乡村规划，移动定位大数据，适用场合，应用困境
Abstract The rural planning research supported by mobile positioning big data technology has made progress, but there are still technical obstacles and dilemmas. The mobile positioning big data could measure rural activities by reflecting the individual behavior so as to support rural planning research. There are two main occasions in rural planning where the mobile positioning big data has achieved good applicability. The first applicable occasion is quantitative measurement of spatial structure of village and town systems in rural settlement system research. The second is measuring jobs-housing relationship and assessing service level of facilities in rural areas. According to existing technical approach, there are two main approaches to applying mobile positioning big data into rural planning research: from trajectory analysis perspective and density analysis perspective. Nevertheless, two significant technical difficulties, temporal-spatial resolution and mobile equipment penetration, still exist in aforementioned two perspectives respectively. The temporal-spatial resolution in rural areas is not high enough to locate and measure individual trajectory continuously, which could reduce the feasibility of trajectory analysis. Meanwhile, there are obvious differences in the penetration rate of mobile terminal devices in rural areas, which reduce the feasibility of research approach from density analysis perspective. If these application obstacles can be solved properly, the applicable occasions of mobile positioning big data will be further expanded in rural planning research and practice.
Keywords rural planning, mobile positioning big data, applicable occasion, application dilemma
文章来源：《城乡规划》2020 NO.2
