一个西南民族村落社会关系网络的“空心化”过程及变迁机制研究
The "Rural Hollowing" Process and Change Mechanism Research in the Social Network of a Southwest Ethnic Village
作者信息
黄勇 重庆大学建筑城规学院教授
王雷雷 成都市人民防空办公室，重庆大学建筑城规学院硕士研究生
石亚灵 重庆大学建筑城规学院博士研究生
蔡浩田 重庆大学建筑城规学院硕士研究生
摘要 当前，“空心化”现象在广大乡村普遍存在，限制了乡村进一步发展。为科学制定乡村规划，本文将以西南民族村落为例进一步探究乡村的“空心化”规律。选取康定市麦崩乡为舍村为研究对象，从乡村的社会性出发，借助社会网络分析方法，构建乡村村民“点”单元与社会关系“线”联结的语义模型，借助 UCINET 平台构建 1997 年、2007 年和 2017 年 3 个时间节点对应的的社会网络模型。从整体、局部及个体三个层次，利用“网络集聚度”“Lambda 集合”“派系”“2- 宗派”“中心点”以及 “切点”等指标对社会关系网络结构进行分析，发现社会网络存在网络整体衰弱、网络组团减少以及网络关键节点缺失等“空心化”现象。以此为基础，结合坐标定位，进一步剖析社会空间结构的变迁规律，总结出为舍村在“空心化”过程中出现分离化、个体化及两极化等特征；最后，结合要素“人”，发现关键人物流出、流出的连锁反应及差异反应三种机制会对为舍村的空心化变迁产生影响。
关键词 西南民族村落，空心化，社会网络变迁，过程与机制分析
Abstract At present, the phenomenon of village hollowing widely exists in the vast countryside, which limits further development of the countryside. In order to scientifically formulate a strategic plan for rural revitalization, this article takes a southwest ethnic village as an example to further explore the hollowing law of the countryside. Taking Weishe Village in Maibeng Township of Kangding City as the research case, from the perspective of village` s sociality, using social network analysis methods, a semantic model of the connection between the "dot" unit of rural villages and the "line" of social relations is constructed. Using Ucinet 6.0 platform, social network models are built, corresponding to the three time nodes in 2007, 2007 and 2017 respectively. On the basis of "network aggregation" "Lambda set" "faction" "2-sect" "centrality" and "cutting point" indicators, this article analyzes the structure of the social relationship network from three levels: overall, local and individual. Based on the analysis, this research finds that the social network structure is hollowing, with characteristics of the overall decline of the network, reduction of network clusters, and the lack of key nodes in the network. Furthermore, combined with the coordinate location, this article analyzes the laws of social space structure changes, and summarizes the phenomena of flattening, individualization and polarization in the process of village hollowing. Meanwhile, considering the influence of people, this article concludes the mechanism of the outflow of key figures, the related chain reflection of the outflow, and the different reflections of groups in the village hollowing process.
Keywords southwest ethnic villages, rural hollowing, changes of rural social network, process and mechanism analysis
文章来源：《城乡规划》2020 NO.2
