应对疫灾的景观规划与设计的反思
Reflection on Landscape Planning and Design in Response to Epidemic Disasters
作者信息
韩林飞 北京交通大学建筑与艺术学院教授，首都高端智库北京交通大学北京综合交通发展研究院
张梦露 北京交通大学建筑与艺术学院硕士研究生
摘要 近期新冠疫情暴发，其病症大多起病急、病情危重、死亡率高，须紧急处理，因而受到公众极大的关注。回顾百年来世界范围内暴发的各大疫灾，不难发现，由动物性病毒引发的疫灾比例在明显增加。这正是因为人类活动改变了城市生态系统，从而造成了生物多样性的缺失。本文基于对疫灾的生态分析，从风景园林规划的角度思考健康的风景园林规划对防疫的重要作用，反思近年来风景园林规划设计过度重视人的使用感受，而忽视生物中的动物与微生物系统，特别是对生态系统整体性的忽略，从而提出风景园林建设应注重整体协调、循环再生、生态整合、生物友好、健康共生的风景园林系统规划设计的防疫策略；继而针对城市风景园林中生物体系完整系统的建立提出建议，希望通过这样的景观规划建设方式，对生态保护、防疫工作起到促进作用，得出结论：以人为本、以人为主的景观园林系统，应向人与生物和谐共生、天人合一的整体、完善的景观生态系统转变。
关键词 疫灾，景观生态，生物友好，风景园林规划，天人合一
Abstract The recent outbreaks of new coronavirus pneumonia, most of which have rapid onset of illness, have high mortality rates, require urgent treatment, and have received great public attention. Looking back at the major epidemics in the world over the past century, it is not difficult to find that the proportion of epidemics caused by animal viruses has increased significantly. It is precisely because human activities have changed urban ecosystems and caused the loss of biodiversity. Based on the ecological analysis of the epidemic disaster, this article considers the important role of healthy landscape garden planning for epidemic prevention from the perspective of landscape gardens, reflects on the over-emphasis on human use in landscape garden planning and design in recent years, which ignores the animals and the microbial system, especially the neglect of the integrity of the ecosystem, and proposes an epidemic prevention strategy for the overall coordination, recycling, ecological integration, bio-friendliness, and healthy symbiosis of the landscape garden system in the landscape garden construction. Then this article puts forward suggestions for the establishment of a complete biological system in urban landscape gardens, hoping to promote ecological protection and epidemic prevention through such landscape planning and construction. Finally, it is concluded that the people-oriented landscape garden system should be transformed into a holistic and complete landscape ecosystem that humans and creatures can live in harmony.
Keywords epidemic disaster, landscape ecology, bio-friendly, landscape garden planning, Unity of Heaven and Man
文章来源：《城乡规划》2020 NO.2
