流动人口主观幸福感影响因素及其对“人民城市”建设的启示
Research on the Influencing Factors of Floating Population's Subjective Well-being and Its Enlightenment to the Construction of People's City
作者信息
戴颖宜 广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院，广东省城市感知与监测预警企业重点实验室助理工程师
周素红 中山大学地理科学与规划学院，广东省公共安全与灾害工程技术研究中心教授
文萍 中山大学地理科学与规划学院，广东省公共安全与灾害工程技术研究中心副研究员（通讯作者）
摘要 “人民城市”承载着人们对美好生活的向往。随着人口城镇化的深入推进，如何提升流动人口幸福感逐渐受到社会各界的广泛关注。本文采用 2014 年“中国流动人口动态监测调查— 流动人口社会融合与心理健康专题调查”数据，构建 “流动—环境—主观幸福感”研究框架，探讨流动背景下多维度环境对流动人口主观幸福感的影响。结果表明:第一，“流动”对流动人口的主观幸福感带来负面影响，流动时间长、流动范围小的群体受到的负面影响相对较小。第二，流动人口在居住和就业区位选择上存在群体差异，随着流动时间的延长，流动人口生活空间逐渐从边缘化社区转向常态社区;流动范围越大，流动人口职住空间边缘化特征越明显。第三，对流动人口主观幸福感产生负面影响的因素包括城市空气污染、边缘化社区、陌生工作环境等物理环境因素以及社会排斥、居住隔离等社会环境因素。基于研究结果，从城市管理、公共资源配置、社区营造等方面提出建设“人民城市” 的建议，以期助力流动人口的主观幸福感提升。
关键词 流动人口;主观幸福感;影响因素;人民城市;城市建设
A b s t r a c t People’s city carries people’s yearning for a better life. With the in-depth promotion of population urbanization, how to improve floating population’s subject well- being has gradually attracted extensive attention from all walks of life. By using the Social Integration and Mental Health Part of the National Dynamic Monitoring Survey Data of the Floating Population, collected by National Health and Family Planning Commission, this study constructs a theoretical hypothesis framework of “Mobility-Environment-Subjective Well-being”, aiming to investigate the impact of different scales of environment on floating population’s subjective well-being. The results indicate that: 1) The behavior of “mobility” has a negative impact on floating population’s subjective well-being, and groups with long floating time and small floating scope are relatively less negatively affected. 2) There exists differences among the floating population in terms of the location choice of residence and employment. With the extension of floating time, the living space of floating population gradually changes from marginalized community to normal community, and the larger the floating scope, the more obvious the marginalization of floating population’s working and living space. 3) The negative influencing factors of floating population’s subjective well-being include physical environmental factors such as air pollution, marginalized communities and unfamiliar working environment, as well as social environmental factors like social exclusion and residential isolation. Based on the research results, this paper puts forward some suggestions on constructing “people’s city” from the aspects of urban management, public resource allocation and community construction, in the hope of improving floating population’s subjective well-being.
Keywords floating population; subjective well-being; influencing factor; people’s city; urban construction
来源：《城乡规划》2022 NO.2
