“行动者网络”理论视角下乡村扶贫振兴研究——以重庆市石柱土家族自治县中益乡为例
Rural Poverty Alleviation and Revitalization from the Perspective of Actor-network Theory: Taking Chongqing Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County Zhongyi Township as an Example
作者信息
李志刚 武汉大学城市设计学院教授
谭雅文 武汉大学城市设计学院硕士研究生
许红梅 武汉大学城市设计学院博士研究生(通讯作者)
摘要 进入 21 世纪的第三个十年，我国的扶贫工作取得了全面胜利，贫困地区成功脱贫。在此背景下，对乡村扶贫经验进行总结与反思，讲好中国扶贫故事，具有重要意义。本文以重庆市石柱土家族自治县中益乡为例，结合“行动者网络”理论，解析其扶贫振兴进程，尤其是聚焦各行动主体所发挥的作用及效能，提出相应的对策与建议。实证表明:第一，中益乡的扶贫振兴前期以典型的“政府项目”为主，这种扶贫模式在一定程度上提升了当地的基础设施和物质环境水平，激发了地方产业发展，但“输血式”扶贫的弊端也比较突出，扶贫效果不佳;第二，中益乡扶贫振兴的最终成效得益于后期的“造血式”扶贫，其核心在于各行动主体 的有效衔接与互动。基于行动者网络分析，乡村扶贫振兴不仅涉及政府、市场和社会群体等行动主体，也涉及地方的地理环境和建成环境等非人类行动主体。因此，未来巩固脱贫攻坚成果和推动乡村振兴应因地制宜，重视地理环境和建成环境在 行动者网络中的重要作用，提高政府助力与地方要素的耦合度。
关键词 乡村扶贫振兴;行动者网络;建成环境;地理环境;中益乡
Abstract In the third decade of the 21st century, China has achieved comprehensive success in poverty alleviation, and poverty-stricken areas have been lifted out of poverty. In this context, it is of great significance to summarize and reflect on the existing poverty alleviation experience, especially the rural poverty alleviation experience, integrate theory with practice, and make Chinese stories. As such, this article takes Zhongyi Township, Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County, Chongqing as an example, with the actor network theory, analyzes its poverty alleviation and revitalization process and characteristics, focuses on the role played by each actor in the poverty alleviation process, summarizes the problems and proposes corresponding countermeasures and implications. The empirical evidence shows that: The early stage of poverty alleviation and revitalization in Zhongyi Township was a typical state project. This poverty alleviation model improved the infrastructure and material environment of poor villages to a certain extent in the short term, and stimulated the development of local industries. The shortcomings of blood transfusion poverty alleviation are also prominent, leading to poor poverty alleviation effects; the ultimate poverty alleviation and revitalization effect of Zhongyi Township benefits from the effective connection and interaction between the various actors. From the perspective of the actor-network theory, rural poverty alleviation and revitalization not only involve the government, market, and society, but also the local geographical environment and built environment and other actors. It is suggested that in the future, consolidating the results of poverty alleviation and promoting rural revitalization should be embedded with local conditions, with particular emphasis on the role of geographical environment and built environment in the network of actors, and improve the interactions of government power and local factors.
Keywords rural poverty alleviation; actor-network; built environment; geographical environment; Zhongyi Township
来源：《城乡规划》2022 NO.2
