社区社会资本的测度及空间影响因素分析——以上海市宝山区顾村大型居住社区为例
Measurement of Social Capital in Communities and Analysis of Spatial Influencing Factors: Taking Gucun in Baoshan District as an Example
作者信息
辛蕾 同济大学建筑与城市规划学院博士研究生
杨辰 同济大学建筑与城市规划学院副教授，上海市城市更新及空间优化技术重点实验室（通讯作者）
摘要 本研究将“社会资本”这一社会学理论引入社区规划研究，重点关注因动迁造成居民社会网络断裂、社会资本下降的大型居住社区，运用因子分析法对顾村大型居住社区社会资本的六个维度进行测度，并通过相关性分析验证小区内外空间要素对不同维度社区社会资本的影响。研究表明，以社会资本提升为导向的大型居住社区规划、更新、管理策略有助于居民与社区的发展，例如控制建筑高度与容积率、优化小区内绿地空间与“15 分钟生活圈”内步行绿道能够帮助居民重建社会网络；老年大学、中小学的建设促进多维度社会资本的提升；生活性商业设施的补充有助于居民社会参与度的提高；住在社区中心位置的居民更容易产生社交排斥心理，需要社区管理者给予特殊关怀。
关键词 社会资本；测度；空间因素；大型居住社区；顾村
Abstract This study applies social capital theory to community planning, focusing on the large scale communities where residents' social network breaks and social capital declines due to relocation. The six dimensions of social capital are measured by factor analysis, and the relationship between spatial elements and community social capital is explored through correlation analysis. This study shows that social capital-oriented community planning, renewal, and management help residents and communities develop. Controlling the building height and floor area ratio, optimizing the green space in the community, and increasing the pedestrian greenway outside the community are helpful to the construction of the residents' social network. The construction of Senior-Citizen University, junior high school and primary schools will contribute to the improvement of multi-dimensional social capital, and the construction of residential commercial facilities increase residents' social participation. Residents living in the center of the community are more likely to have psychological problems of social exclusion who need special care from community managers.
Keywords social capital; measurement; spatial factors; large scale community; Gucun
来源：《城乡规划》2022年第3期
